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pakistan

Pakistan, (

listen)) officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, (Urdu: اسلامی جمہوریۂ پاكستان‎ ALA-LC:Islāmī Jumhūriyah-yi Pākistān IPA: [ɪslɑːmiː d͡ʒʊmɦuːriəɪh pɑːkɪst̪ɑːn]) is a sovereign country inSouth Asia. With a population exceeding 180 million people, it is the sixth most populous country and with an area covering 796,095 km² (307,374 sq mi), it is the 36th largest country in the world in terms of area. Located at the crossroads of the strategically important regions of South Asia, Central Asiaand Western Asia, Pakistan has a 1,046-kilometre (650 mi) coastline along the Arabian Sea and theGulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west and north, Iranto the southwest and China in the far northeast. It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's narrowWakhan Corridor in the north, and also shares a marine border with Oman.

The territory of modern Pakistan was home to several ancient cultures, including the Neolithic Mehrgarhand the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation. The territory has been the home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including Hindus, Persian, Indo-Greek, Islamic, Turco-Mongol,Afghan and Sikh. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the IndianMauryan Empire, the Persian Achaemenid Empire, Alexander of Macedonia, the Arab Umayyad Caliphate, the Mongol Empire, the Mughal Empire, the Durrani Empire, the Sikh Empire and the British Empire. As a result of the Pakistan Movement led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Subcontinent's struggle for independence, Pakistan was created in 1947 as an independent nation for Muslims from the regions in the east and west of Subcontinent where there was a Muslim majority. Initially adominion, Pakistan adopted a new constitution in 1956, becoming an Islamic republic. A civil war in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh.

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Pakistan is a federal parliamentary republic consisting of four provinces and four federal territories. It is an ethnically and linguistically diverse country, with a similar variation in its geography and wildlife. Aregional and middle power,^[12]^[13] Pakistan has the fourth largest standing armed forces in the world and is also a nuclear power as well as a declared nuclear weapons state, being the only nation in theMuslim world, and the second in South Asia, to have that status. It has a semi-industrialised economywith a well-integrated agriculture sector, its economy is the 26th largest in the world in terms of purchasing power and 45th largest in terms of nominal GDP and is also characterized among theemerging and growth-leading economies of the world.